Nsalu yolukidwa yosefera ndi nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa) ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yosefera. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu pakupanga, kapangidwe kake, ndi magwiridwe antchito kumatsimikizira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zosefera. Kuyerekeza kotsatiraku kumakhudza miyeso isanu ndi umodzi yapakati, yowonjezeredwa ndi zochitika zoyenera komanso malangizo osankha, kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi:
Kusiyana kwa Pakati: Kuyerekeza mu Miyeso 6 Yaikulu
| Kuyerekeza Kukula | Nsalu Yosefera Yolukidwa | Nsalu Yosefera Yosalukidwa |
| Njira Yopangira | Kutengera ndi "kuluka kwa warp ndi weft interweaving," ulusi wa warp (longitudinal) ndi weft (horizontal) umalukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu (monga nsalu ya air-jet kapena rapier loom) mu kapangidwe kake (plain, twill, satin, etc.). Izi zimaonedwa ngati "kupanga nsalu." | Sikofunikira kupota kapena kuluka: ulusi (staple kapena filament) umapangidwa mwachindunji m'njira ziwiri: kupanga ukonde ndi kuphatikiza ukonde. Njira zogwirizanitsa ukonde zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza kutentha, kulumikiza mankhwala, kuboola singano, ndi kulowetsa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zikhale "zosalukidwa". |
| Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka thupi | 1. Kapangidwe Kokhazikika: Ulusi wopindika ndi wopindika umalukidwa kuti upange kapangidwe kowoneka bwino ngati gridi yokhala ndi kukula kofanana kwa maenje ndi kufalikira. 2. Kulunjika bwino kwa mphamvu: Mphamvu yopingasa (yaitali) nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa mphamvu ya weft (yopingasa); 3. Pamwamba pake ndi posalala, popanda ulusi wooneka bwino. | 11. Kapangidwe Kosasinthika: Ulusi umakonzedwa mopanda dongosolo kapena mopanda dongosolo, kupanga kapangidwe ka magawo atatu, kofewa, kokhala ndi mabowo okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mabowo. 2. Mphamvu ya Isotropic: Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa njira zopindika ndi zopindika. Mphamvu imatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yolumikizirana (monga nsalu yobowoledwa ndi singano ndi yolimba kuposa nsalu yolumikizidwa ndi kutentha). 3. Pamwamba pake pali ulusi wofewa, ndipo makulidwe a fyuluta amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta. |
| Magwiridwe antchito osefera | 1. Kulondola kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha: Chitseko cha maukonde chili chokhazikika, choyenera kusefa tinthu tolimba ta kukula kwinakwake (monga, 5-100μm); 2. Kusefa kotsika koyambira: Mipata ya maukonde imalola mosavuta tinthu ting'onoting'ono kulowa, zomwe zimafuna "keke yosefera" kuti ipangidwe bwino isanayambe kugwira ntchito bwino; 3. Kuchotsa keke yosefera bwino: Pamwamba pake ndi posalala ndipo keke yosefera (zotsalira zolimba) ikasefedwa imakhala yosavuta kugwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyeretsa ndikubwezeretsanso. | 1. Kusefa bwino kwambiri koyambirira: Kapangidwe ka ma thovu atatu kamalowa mwachindunji tinthu ting'onoting'ono (monga, 0.1-10μm) popanda kudalira makeke osefera; 2. Kusakhazikika bwino: Kugawa kwakukulu kwa ma pore, kofooka kuposa nsalu yolukidwa poyesa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono; 3. Kuchuluka kwa fumbi logwira ntchito: Kapangidwe kofewa kameneka kamatha kusunga zinthu zodetsedwa zambiri, koma keke yosefera imayikidwa mosavuta mu mpata wa ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso zinthu zikhale zovuta. |
| Katundu wakuthupi ndi wamakina | 1. Mphamvu Yapamwamba ndi Kukana Kutupa Kwabwino: Kapangidwe ka nsalu yolukidwa ndi yopindika ndi kolimba, kosatha kutambasuka ndi kukwawa, ndipo kamakhala ndi moyo wautali (nthawi zambiri miyezi mpaka zaka); 2. Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa miyeso: Kumakana kusintha kwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza; 3. Mpweya Wochepa Wolowa: Kapangidwe kolimba kolukana kamapangitsa kuti mpweya/madzimadzi asamalowe bwino (kuchuluka kwa mpweya). | 1. Mphamvu yochepa komanso kukana kukwawa: Ulusi umadalira kugwirizana kapena kutsekeka kuti uziteteze, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisweke pakapita nthawi ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ukhale ndi moyo waufupi (nthawi zambiri masiku mpaka miyezi). 2. Kusakhazikika bwino: Nsalu zolumikizidwa ndi kutentha zimachepa zikakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri, pomwe nsalu zolumikizidwa ndi mankhwala zimawonongeka zikakumana ndi zosungunulira. 3. Mpweya wochuluka wolowa: Kapangidwe kofewa komanso kokhala ndi mabowo kamachepetsa kukana kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera kuyenda kwa madzi. |
| Mtengo ndi Kukonza | 1. Mtengo woyambira wapamwamba: Njira yolukira ndi yovuta, makamaka pa nsalu zosefera zolondola kwambiri (monga nsalu ya satin). 2. Mtengo wotsika wokonza: Imatha kutsukidwa komanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito (monga kutsuka ndi madzi ndi kutsuka kumbuyo), zomwe zimafuna kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. | 1. Mtengo wotsika woyambira: Zosaluka n'zosavuta kupanga ndipo zimapereka ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopangira. 2. Ndalama zambiri zosamalira: Zimakhala zotsekeka, zimakhala zovuta kuzikonzanso, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa kapena kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodula kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. |
| Kusintha Kosinthika | 1. Kusinthasintha kochepa: Kukula kwa maenje ndi makulidwe ake kumadalira makamaka makulidwe a ulusi ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi. Kusintha kumafuna kukonzanso kapangidwe ka ulusi, komwe kumatenga nthawi. 2. Zoluka zapadera (monga kuluka kawiri ndi kuluka kwa jacquard) zitha kusinthidwa kuti ziwonjezere mawonekedwe enaake (monga kukana kutambasula). | 1. Kusinthasintha Kwambiri: Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi kulondola kosiyanasiyana kwa kusefera komanso kulowa kwa mpweya zimatha kusinthidwa mwachangu posintha mtundu wa ulusi (monga polyester, polypropylene, ulusi wagalasi), njira yolumikizira ukonde, ndi makulidwe. 2. Zingaphatikizidwe ndi zipangizo zina (monga, zokutira) kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zoteteza madzi komanso zoletsa kumamatira. |
II. Kusiyana kwa Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Kutengera kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, ntchito ziwirizi zimasiyana kwambiri, makamaka potsatira mfundo ya "kusankha kulondola kuposa nsalu zolukidwa, ndikuyika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito kuposa nsalu zopanda nsalu":
1. Nsalu yoluka yosefera: Yoyenera kusefera kwa nthawi yayitali, kokhazikika, komanso kolondola kwambiri
● Kulekanitsa madzi olimba ndi olimba m'mafakitale: monga makina osindikizira mbale ndi chimango ndi zosefera za lamba (zosefera miyala ndi matope a mankhwala, zomwe zimafuna kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso mobwerezabwereza);
● Kusefa mpweya wotuluka m'madzi otentha kwambiri: monga zosefera matumba m'mafakitale amagetsi ndi zitsulo (zimafuna kukana kutentha ndi kutopa, ndi moyo wautumiki wa osachepera chaka chimodzi);
● Kusefa chakudya ndi mankhwala: monga kusefa mowa ndi kusefa mankhwala achikhalidwe aku China (kumafuna kukula kwa maenje okhazikika kuti tipewe zotsalira zauve);
2. Nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa: Yoyenera kusefera kwakanthawi kochepa, kogwira ntchito bwino, komanso kotsika molondola"
● Kuyeretsa mpweya: monga zosefera zotsukira mpweya m'nyumba ndi makina oyambira a HVAC system (zimafuna mphamvu yogwira fumbi yambiri komanso kukana kochepa);
● Kusefa kotayidwa: monga kusefa madzi akumwa asanasefedwe ndi kusefa mankhwala amadzimadzi (palibe chifukwa chogwiritsanso ntchito, kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera);
● Ntchito zapadera: monga chitetezo chamankhwala (nsalu yosefera yamkati mwa masks) ndi zosefera zoziziritsira mpweya zamagalimoto (zimafunikira kupanga mwachangu komanso mtengo wotsika).
III. Malangizo Osankha
Choyamba, Konzani "Nthawi Yogwirira Ntchito":
● Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, zinthu zomwe zimafunika kunyamula kwambiri (monga kuchotsa fumbi kwa maola 24 mufakitale) → Sankhani nsalu yosefera yolukidwa (ya nthawi yayitali, palibe kuisintha pafupipafupi);
● Kugwira ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi, zinthu zochepa (monga kusefa pang'ono mu labotale) → Sankhani nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa (yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kuisintha).
Kachiwiri, ganizirani "Zofunikira pa Kusefa":
● Imafuna kuwongolera bwino kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (monga, kusefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakwana 5μm) → Sankhani nsalu yolukidwa yosefera;
● Imafuna "kusunga zinyalala mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa kutayikira" kokha (monga kusefa zinyalala zokhuthala) → Sankhani nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa.
Pomaliza, ganizirani "Bajeti ya Mtengo":
● Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (kupitirira chaka chimodzi) → Sankhani nsalu yosefera yolukidwa (mtengo woyambira wokwera koma mtengo wonse wa umwini ndi wotsika);
● Mapulojekiti a nthawi yochepa (osakwana miyezi itatu) → Sankhani nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa (mtengo wotsika woyambira, kupewa kutaya zinthu).
Mwachidule, nsalu yosefera yolukidwa ndi yankho la nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi "ndalama zambiri komanso kulimba kwambiri", pomwe nsalu yosefera yosalukidwa ndi yankho la nthawi yochepa yokhala ndi "mtengo wotsika komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu". Palibe kupambana konse kapena kutsika pakati pa ziwirizi, ndipo chisankhocho chiyenera kupangidwa kutengera kulondola kwa kusefera, nthawi yogwirira ntchito, ndi bajeti ya ndalama za mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-11-2025