Nsalu ya PTFE, kapena nsalu ya polytetrafluoroethylene, ndi nsalu yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino osalowa madzi, opumira, osapsa ndi mphepo, komanso ofunda.
Pakatikati pa nsalu ya PTFE ndi polytetrafluoroethylene microporous film, yomwe ili ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka microporous komwe kali ndi kukula kwa pore ya 0.1-0.5 microns yokha, komwe ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa molekyulu yamadzi, koma kokulirapo kambirimbiri kuposa molekyulu ya nthunzi yamadzi. Chifukwa chake, nsalu ya PTFE imatha kutseka bwino kulowa kwa madontho amadzi pomwe imalola nthunzi yamadzi kudutsa momasuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosakanikirana bwino ndi madzi osalowa komanso yopumira. Nsalu iyi ilinso ndi mphamvu zabwino zopewera mphepo, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka microporous kamatha kuletsa mpweya kulowa, potero kusunga kutentha mkati mwa chovalacho.
1. Makhalidwe oyambira a PTFE
PTFE idapangidwa koyamba ndi DuPont m'ma 1940 ndipo imadziwika kuti "Mfumu ya Mapulasitiki" chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka mamolekyu a PTFE ndi kokhazikika kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yolumikizirana pakati pa maatomu a kaboni ndi maatomu a fluorine ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapatsa PTFE zinthu zotsatirazi zodabwitsa:
● Kusalowa madzi:Nsalu za PTFE zili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zosalowa madzi, ndipo mamolekyu amadzi sangathe kulowa pamwamba pake, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala ndi zida zosalowa madzi.
● Kupuma Mosavuta:Ngakhale kuti nsalu za PTFE sizilowa madzi, zili ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamene kamalola nthunzi ya madzi kudutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wovalayo azikhala womasuka. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa zovala zamasewera zakunja komanso zovala zodzitetezera.
● Kukana mankhwala:PTFE imalimbana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ambiri ndipo sikhudzidwa ndi zinthu zowononga monga ma acid, alkali, ndi zosungunulira.
● Kukana kutentha:Nsalu za PTFE zimatha kukhalabe zokhazikika kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwake kogwira ntchito ndi kuyambira -200°C mpaka +260°C, yoyenera malo otentha kwambiri kapena otsika.
● Kuchepa kwa kukangana:PTFE ili ndi malo osalala kwambiri komanso coefficient yotsika kwambiri ya kukangana, kotero nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amafunika kuchepetsa kukangana.
● Kukana ukalamba:PTFE imalimbana kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, ndipo siikalamba msanga ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pakati pawo, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha nsalu ya PTFE ndi kukana kwake dzimbiri chifukwa cha mankhwala. Imatha kukana kuwonongeka kwa ma asidi amphamvu, ma alkali amphamvu ndi zinthu zina zamankhwala, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zovala zapadera monga zovala zoteteza nyukiliya, zamoyo ndi mankhwala komanso zovala zoteteza mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, nsalu ya PTFE ilinso ndi ntchito zoletsa mabakiteriya, antistatic, virus blocking ndi zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pankhani yoteteza zachipatala.
Mu ntchito zenizeni, nsalu ya PTFE imaphatikizidwa ndi nayiloni, polyester ndi nsalu zina kudzera mu njira yapadera yopangira lamination kuti apange nsalu yophatikiza ya awiri-mu-m'modzi kapena atatu-mu-m'modzi. Nsalu yophatikiza iyi sikuti imangosunga magwiridwe antchito abwino a filimu ya PTFE, komanso ili ndi chitonthozo ndi kulimba kwa nsalu zina.
2. Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito nsalu za PTFE
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a nsalu za PTFE, yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri:
● Zovala zakunja:Nsalu za PTFE nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga majekete, mathalauza ndi nsapato zosalowa madzi komanso zopumira, zoyenera masewera akunja monga kukwera mapiri ndi kutsetsereka pa ski.
● Zovala zodzitetezera ku mafakitale:Kukana mankhwala ndi kutentha kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotetezera zovala m'mafakitale a mankhwala, mafuta ndi mafakitale ena.
● Zinthu zachipatala:Nsalu za PTFE zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madiresi ochitira opaleshoni, ma wraps ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zinthu zina zachipatala kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo obisika ndi oyeretsedwa.
● Zipangizo zosefera:Kapangidwe ka PTFE kamene kali ndi ma microporous kamapangitsa kuti ikhale fyuluta yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa mpweya, kukonza madzi ndi zina.
● Ndege:Kukana kutentha kwa PTFE komanso kutsika kwa kupsinjika kumapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wa ndege, monga zisindikizo ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha.
3. Kuteteza chilengedwe cha nsalu za PTFE
Ngakhale nsalu za PTFE zili ndi ubwino wambiri, kuteteza chilengedwe kwawo kwakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri. PTFE ndi chinthu chovuta kuchiwononga, ndipo chidzakhudza chilengedwe chikatayidwa. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungabwezeretsere ndikutaya nsalu za PTFE kwakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, makampani ena akupanga zipangizo za PTFE zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe.
4. Chidule
Nsalu za PTFE zakhala zinthu zomwe anthu ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha kusalowa madzi, kupuma bwino, kukana mankhwala, kukana kutentha ndi zina zotero. Kaya ndi masewera akunja, chitetezo cha mafakitale, kapena malo azachipatala ndi ndege, nsalu za PTFE zawonetsa ubwino wake wapadera. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, momwe mungathanirane bwino ndi kutayika kwa nsalu za PTFE kudzakhala cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-18-2025